Klaberjass, first documented in the Low Countries as a Jewish game, developed into Dutch Klaverjas, Swiss Jass and French Belote. Two-handed Schnapsen and three-handed Mariáš and Ulti are the most popular card games in the area of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire. : 261 The "marriage" theme seems to have originated in France in the context of unrelated card games. : 305 Īccording to David Parlett, the modern German/Austrian variant of Mariagenspiel, sixty-six, which remains close to the original, is "one of the best two-handers ever devised". Its offshoots form the Jass group, or jack–nine card games, characterized by the fact that the jack and nine of the trump suit are the highest trumps. : 261ff Īn elaborated form of Mariagenspiel known under various names including Klaberjass and Bela is especially popular among Jewish communities and spread worldwide. Games in this family are typically played by 2–4 players using a pack of 20–40 cards, with aces and tens scoring 11 and 10 points in tricks, respectively, and marriages scoring 40 points in trumps and 20 points in a plain suit. Apart from the standard queen/ Ober, jack/ Unter translation, the game was described precisely as detailed at Mariage. Despite the marriage theme, the Queen was replaced by the equivalent male character in the German cards. The game's entry said that the game was popular among ladies, and the entry for playing card listed Mariage first among nine card games played with the German pack. It was first described in a 1715 ladies' encyclopedia printed in Leipzig. Mariagenspiel (German for mariage game, using the original French word for marriage rather than the German word, Heiraten) is the earliest and most typical representative of the group. ![]() Well-known games in this group include bezique and the national card games of Austria ( Schnapsen), Hungary ( ulti), France ( belote), Switzerland ( Jass) and the Netherlands ( klaverjas). They are believed to be descended from a German game, Mariagenspiel or Mariage, which dates back to at least 1715. The Marriage group is a large family of point-trick card games in which the 'marriage' of two cards, usually a king and queen, plays an important role and attracts a bonus.
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